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B. C. HOWELL, DECD. L. c. RowLLL, exEcuTmx. SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS. APPLLCATloN FILED ocT. 6, 1910.

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B. C. HOWELL, DECD. L. C. ROWELL, EXECUTRIX. SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 6.1910.

Patented Aug. 1, 1916.

A lifrney B. C. HOWELL, DECD. L. c. RowfLL. ExEcuTRlx. SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS.

L IPLICATION FILED OCT. 6, LQI 1,193,471 Patented Aug. 1,1916.

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L c R0wELL.1:xEcuTn|x SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF RAILWAY TRAINS.

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SYSTEM FUR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS. APPLICATION FILED ocT. 6. I9Io.

1,1 93,4%. Patented Aug. 1,1916.

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B. C. HOWELL, DEC'D. L. c. RowLLL. ExEcuTRIx. SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS. APPLICATION FILED ocT. 6. IsIo.

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' APPLICATIDN FILED OCT. 6,1910. 1,193,471. PatentedAug. 1,1916.

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L. C. ROWIELLl EXECUTRIX.

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS. l

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B. C. HOWELL, DECD. L. c. RowELL, LxEcuTIIIX.

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL 0F RAILWAY TRAINS. APPLICATION FILED oc. 6. IsIo.

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B. Cl HOWELL, DECD. L. c. RowELL, ExEcuTRlx.

SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF RAILWAY TRAINS. APPLICATION FILED ocT. 6. 1910.

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BENTON C. ROWELL, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS; LLLA C. ROWELL EXECUTRIX OF SAID BENTON C. ROVVELL, DECESED.

SYSTEM FOB yAU"lOl\Tl\.T1C CONTROL OF RAILWAY-TRAINS.

nieearif Application led October' 6,

'o all fio/wm t may concern Be it known that l, BENTON C. RownLL, a citizen of the United States, residing in Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of lllinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Systems for the Automatic Control of RailwayTrains, of which the following .is a specification. u

This invention relates to a system of automatic control of railway trains, and more specifically to the electric wiring used in connection with a. block signal system for electrically controlling the power mechanisms whereby the signals are positioned and the trains controlled.

The invention has been devised more especially for use on single track railroads, having the passing stations at considerable dis tances apart and having trains running both ways, but many of the features of theinven-A tion are adapted to be used on double track railways, as will be apparent from the fol` lowing description and claims.

The construction of the apparatus is designed to make it impossible for one train to collide with another, either in head-on or rear end collisions. The construction is also such that several trains may be permitted to run on a single track in the same direction, the number depending upon the length of the track and the number of signal stations therealong, and at the same time to prevent a train at a passing station headed in the opposite direction from gaining access or control of the track between the passing stations until all of the trains thereon have passed by the waiting train at the passing station, it being immaterial whether the waiting train is standing on the main or the side track at the passing station.

lThe apparatus embraces two or more sig-- nals, and by the term signals I mean not only blocking appliances or semaphores which warn the engineer to stop or slow the train, but also signals or devices or instru-` ments which automatically compel the train to stop; means automatically controlled for shifting the signals from safety to danger and vice versa: means controlling the automatic safety shifting appliances, governed by a train going in a. certain direction and so arranged that when a train going in that direction has gained control, no other trains going in the opposite direction can operate any conflicting or opposing signals until the Specification of Letters Patent.

1910. seria11vo,5s5,50.

tra-in ,ha-ving control and all othertrains, (if there be more than one) going in the same direction, have passed.

My inventionfurther consists in means electrically automatically controlled which cooperate with a suitable device on the locomotive to stop a train if the engineer disregards a danger signal set against it, and means for compelling a train to reduce speed to any desired degree, when a signal indicates caution, or if the speed is not so reduced, the train is compelled to stop. lt is also designed to permit opposed trains to ap* proach under caution a passing station simultaneously without stopping if the switches are so se t as to leave one train on the main track and send the other to the side track, but if the switches are so set as to send both trains onto the same track, either the main or the side track, then both trains are automatically compelled to stop.

More particularly, my invention embraces two or more sets of signals, one at the end of each section, each section being divided into a number of blocks, each block being provided with a set of signals, and cach set of signals comprising preferably a home and a distant signal for trains goingin each direction and all normally set at danger; track circuits in combination with the circuits for controlling the signals, the latter acting in accordance with the direction in which the train is traveling; selector circuits for controlling the selecting mechanism and causing it to select and operate the proper signals so that the signals given shall accord with the direction of movement of the train; a locking circuit for holding the armature of the selector magnets at each station in either position to which it is moved by said selector magnets; two track instruments or train stops located adjacent each signal station, said track instruments being mechanically connected so that when one is at danger, the other is at safety and vice versa, or in other words, one of the track instruments is always in a position to stop the train, these track instruments being separated at predetermined distances, which may be varied, and so operated from the visual signals that if the home signal is set against the train running by it, one or the other. of the track instruments will stop the train, or if the home signal is clear, but the distant or caution signal indicates a slow speed, the train llt) will pass by the first of the track instruments which will be set at safety, but will be stopped by the second track instrument if the train has not been slowed down sufficiently, and the second track instrument been given sufficient ftimeto be moved to safety position; a pair of unset relays, the control of which having been obtained by one train going in one direction, then operates to break all the opposed circuits and keep theml broken until the train has passed through the section, and which also hold the circuits in its rear open until the train has traveled a prescribed distance beyond the blocks or subsections controlling them.

My invention furthermore consists in the improvements in the parts and devices and in the novel combinations of parts and devices herein shown, described or claimed.

In the drawing, Figures l, 2, 3, i and 5 taken together form a diagram of my invention showing its system of operation through an extended length of track. Fig. 6 is a diagram of the wiring controlling the selector of the power machine of one of the signal stations. Fig. 7 is a detail diagrammatic view of the unset relays which control the circuits. Figs. S, 9 and l0 are diagrammatic views of the wiring of the yreversely operable relays for each block of the section. Fig. 11 is a plan, and Fig. 12 an i elevation of the mechanism used in one of the reversely operable relays. Fig. 13 is an enlarged, detail, diagrammatic view of the selector magnets and immediate wiring for controlling the same, and Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic view illustrating more specifically than Figs. l, 2, 3, land 5, the manner of connecting the relays 6, 7 8 and 9 and other of the mechanisms to the tracks. y

I have` shown my improvements as applied to a section of a single track railway between two passing stations A and'B, the rails of the main track being designated as R and R1, and the rails of the side tracks as R2 and R3 at station A, and as R4 and R5 at station B. The section of track shown is divided into a plurality of blocks, and at the end of each block is located a signal station, these being referenced as S1,S2,S3,S4 and S5, respectively, and it will be understood that at each signal station there is provided a power storage machine of any suitable construction, which I have not illustrated in detail, but have indicated conventionally as a power storage machine.r This power storage machine is adapted to be controlled by the circuits shown in the drawings forming a part of this application and about to .be described, and each power station machine operates both the home and distantV signals, which may be of any well known form, Vand which I have indicated as composed of four blades P, P1, P2 and P3 at each signal station S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5,

of which P and P1 are for the control of trains going in one direction and P2 and P3 for the control of trains going in the opponal arm may be used. Each power storagey machine coperates with a suitable selecting mechanism adapted to select the signals to operate themin accordance with the di'- rection of the trains, suchselection being controlled by the circuits herein set forth.

Adjacent each signal sta-'tion alongside the 'tracks are track instruments or train stops referenced L and L1, which may be of any suitable construction, so arranged that when either of them is in its raised or danger position, it will automatically operate mechanically on a cooperating suitable device on a locomotive as the latter passes thereover, to throw on the brakes and stop the train. These track instruments are so constructed and mechanically' connected together that when one of them is raised, the other must be lowered, and vice versa. These track instruments may be placed on Vboth sides of the track, but I havevshown only two of themfat each signal station, in order to avoid crowding of the drawings. And these track instruments, as will be described later, are automatically operated in accordance with the signals P, P1, P2 and P3.

The rails R, R1, RR, R4 and R5 are divided into a plurality of short track subsections by means of insulations fv, those on themain track being designated by the letters of the alphabet from to w, both inclusive, from passing station A to the passing station B. `Each of these sub-track sections is supplied with current from ordinary track batteries, as indicated at B1, some of said batteries being directly connected to the rails, and others having circuits passing through contact points in various relays. Each block of they track is provided with two reversely operable relays, referenced 2 and 3, i and 5, 6 and 7, and 8 and 9, respectively, at signal stations S1, S2, S3 and on account of the fact that this is the last station shown-on the drawings, although it is apparent that my system of wiring may be duplicated indefinitely for additional length of track. The even numbered reversely operable relays 2, 4.-, 6, 8 and l0 are adapted to close a certain circuit in each only when operated by west-bound trains, and the odd numbered reversely operable relays 3, 5, 7 and 9 are likewise controlled by east-bound trains. 'These reversely operable relays 2 to 10 inclusive, are shown S4; only a single one, 10, being shown at S5 f' only conventionally in Figs. 1 to 5 with their' binding posts or terminals, but their interior wiring is shown more speciiically in Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and'14. All these reversely operable relays, 2, 9 and 10; 3, 5, (i and 8; and l and 7 are similarly wired, and a detailed description of the same may be found in my Patent No. 895619, but I will briefly describe the operation of one of them, it being understood that all are operated similarly.

Referring to Figs. 9 and 141` and the relay (3. Reversely operable relay 6 comprises two magnets 77 and 88, the magnets being both normally energized from track batteries B1, the wires for magnet 88 entering at the binding posts 8 8 and being connected to the track sub-section Z and the wires for magnet 77 entering at the binding posts 7 7 and being connected to the track subsection c. The magnet 77 attracts the armature 177, pivoted at 277 and having a balance weight 377 thereon, and a terminal contact aal which is insulated on its rear side as indicated in black in Fig. 14. The magnet 88 attracts the armature 188, pivoted at 288 and operating ay member 388 having also a terminal w1 similar to that on armature 177. These terminals are electrically connected to the binding posts B and O on the reversely operable relay and are normally disconnected from each other, or, in other words, there is normally a break in the reversely operable relay between the points O and B. When the magnets 77 and 88 are energized, as is the condition when no train is on either sub-section 7c or Z of the track, the contacts 1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3` and 4f and l (see Fig. 9) are closed, while w1 x1 is open.

Upon a west-bound train passing into the sub-section 7c of the track, the magnet 77 will be dcnergized due to the track battery ttor 7c being short circuited, and immediately l the armature 177 falls back and the contacts 1, 2, 3 and il are opened, thus breaking all circuits between the binding posts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4 4 of the reversely operable relay. When the train reaches the sub-section Z of the track, magnet 88 is deenergized and the contactsl, 2, 3 and 1 are opened, and at the same time the armature 188 is released and the member 388 falls and the contact x1 thereon will engage the contact m1 on the armature 177, thus completing the circuit between the posts O and B of the reversely operable relay and leaving all other circuits open between the binding posts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and Upon the train leaving the subsection c, the magnet 77 becomes energized, but the armature 177 cannot be moved inwardly because of the terminal m1 on the member 388 which will prevent it. However, after the train has passed off of subsection Z, magnet 88 is engerized, the armature 188 is attracted, thus releasing 177 and allowing it also to be attracted, and this operation restores the reversely operable relay to its normal or original condition wherein nl mlare disconnected and the other circuits are closed within the relay. Reversely operable relay G, being evennumbered, is operated only by west bound trains in the manner described. east-bound train reaches the sub-section Z of the track, magnet 88 is denerg'ized, thus allowing the member 388 to fall, but in this case the terminal :c1 will fall to a. a position in back of the terminal m1 on the armature 177 and will engage the insulation thereof, thus breaking the circuits between the binding posts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and il at 1, 2, 3 and l, respectively, but still leaving the circuit between the binding posts O and B, open. Zhen the train reaches sub-section 7c of the track, the magnet 77 will be denergized, and the armature 177 will move sufficiently to open the contacts at 1', 2, 3 and 4J, but the full movement of the armature 177 will be abridged as it is held by contact :c1 on the member 388. As the train leaves the sub-section Z, magnet 88 becomes energized again and the armature 188 is attracted thereby, thus allowing al on member 388 to release w1 on the armature 177, which latter then falls back still farther and keeps m1 a1 open and the circuits between the posts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4- 1 within the reversely operable relay at contacts 1, 2', 3 and ll, also open. As the train passes off of sub-section 72, 77 is energized again and the armature 17 7 attracted, thus closing the breaks in the circuits at 1, 2, 3 and 1l. But it will be noticed that a train going east will always keep all circuits within the reversely operable relay 6 open while on the sub-sections 7c and Z. Each oi' the even-numbered rcversely operable relays are wired to the tracks so as to be operated by west bound trains in the same manner as reversely operable relay 6, to make the connections between the points O B, but the odd numbered relays are wired so as to be voperated only by eastbound trains to complete the circuits between the O B binding posts.

The reversely operable relays 2, 9 and 10, see Figs. 8, 11 and 12, are provided, in addition to the normally bridged points 1', 2, 3, 4', 5 and G and l, 5 and G, with back points 203 and 201 which are normally open, but are closed when the other points are opened, these back points having terminals referenced BPl and BP2respectively, and being' essential in connection with the side tracks. From the foregoing, it is thought that the operation of all the reversely operable relays numbered 2 to 10 inclusive, will be fully understood.

Vhen an At each signal station, there is provided an ordinary track relay, these being rei erenced la, 2a, 3, 4a and 5a, connected to the sub-sections c, h, m, r and w at the signal stations S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 respectively. All oit' these track relays are identical, and a description of one only will be given. By

referringV to rFigs. 3 and 14,'and the track relay 3a, it will be seen that the magnet 35 of the same is normally energized from the track battery B1 connected tothe sub-section m, in which condition the contacts 1 1 and 2 2 are closed, as clearly shown in Fig.

14, by the armatures bridgin, the gaps between these points. The points 3 3 and 4 4, shown in Fig. 3, are also normally closed or bridged similarly to the points 1 1 and 2 2, and when the magnet 35 is denergized by a train on sub-section m, the short circuiting of the track battery will cause all of these points to be opened.

Track relays of a slightly diterent type are shown at G, 72 and 3 for use in connection with the side tracks. In each ot these relays, the points 2 and G, and 3 and 7, are normally bridged by means ot an energized magnet having its terminals at 1 and 5, and supplied vrespectively from side track batteries G6, G7 and G8. The back points 8-4 of each side track relay are normally open, but these points are closed or bridged when the points 2 6 and 3 7 are opened by the de'energizing of the magnet. f

c Switch circuit breakers are indicated at H, H2 and H3, which are mechanically operated by and connected to. adjacent rail switches for the side tracks, and each circuit breaker has eight sets ot contacts therein, those numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and indicated as black in the drawing, being'closed or bridged when the rail switch is set for a train for the main track, and open when the rail switch is set to .pass a train onto the side track. The contacts or points 6, 7 and f S are open when the rail switch is set for the main track and closed when the rail switch Vis set to pass a train onto the side track.

power storage machine by which the armsA P, P1, P2 and yP3 are operated. inasmuch as each set oi' four of these relays at each signal station is the same, as is also each selector mechanism, 1 will describe only one set, namely, that for the signal stationSl, and

the detailed wiring for each is shown moreV particularly in Figs. 6 and 13. The relay M3 is that for the west-bound home signal arm Pand vM4 'for the west-bound distant Vbe described later, a west-bound train 'having once gained control over the section ot' track between A and B, no east-bound train can enter thereon, and therefore only westbound signals will be cleared and operated,

while the west-bound train is on the track, and vice versa for an east-bound train that gains control of the section.

Assuming that a west-bound train has gained control of the section, the 1'elay,l\/I3,the west-bound Vhomesignal control, which Vas previously stated isnormally denergized, will become energized by means ot a circuit that will be explained hereinafter. Referring to the selector mechanism shown in Fig. y(3, it will be seen thatl each set comprises a plurality of circuit breakers 43 44, 50 51 and 54-55, which are so made that when one is closed, the other is opened, that is, when 43 is closed, 44 is open, and vice versa, and also so constructed, that the switches 54, 43 and 50 are closed or opened simultaneously, and therefore the switches 55, 44 and 5l will also be opened and closed simultaneously. Upon M3 becoming energized, the contacts 1 1 .will be closed and current will flow from battery G2 through 1 1 ot' M3, wire 42 to one side of each of the circuit breakers A V43 and. 44, and it 43 is closed, the current will flow by wire 45 to magnetM. L., thence by wire 46 back to the other side otbattery G2. The magnet M. L. controls the shitting appliances for the home signals for both east and west-bound trains, but it will be understood that the shifting` mechanism tor the home signal only operates one, eas-t or west, which is selected by theselector mechanism. In the circuit just described, the switch 43 on the drawing is shown as closed, which indicatedthat the selecting mechanism was already set for a west-bound train. However, if switch 43 should be open and switch 44 closed, which indicates that the selector circuits tor the shifting appliances have been left set for an east-bound'train, it will be necessary to change the selector mechanism over to'west-bound, and the circuits would be as followszCurrent would flow from battery G2 through contacts 1 1 of M3, through switch 44, wire 47 to magnet W. S. L., thence by wire 46 back to battery The energizing of lV. S. L. operates the selector which will open the switch 44 (also 51 and 55)r and close switch 43 (also 5() and 54). As soon as switch 43 is closed, the cur- 'rent immediately flowsto magnet M. L. as before described, to operate the'west-bound home signal. Upon the west-bound home signal clearing, the circuit breaker b1 is thereby closed, and current will then flow through b1 to relay M4. Upon M4 becoming energized, the contacts 1 1 thereof are closed and a circuit will then be established to operate the west-bound distant signal arm, the shifting mechanism for which is controlled by the magnets D. M. L. D. M. L. is energized by current from the battery G2 passing through wire 148, points 1 1 of M-l, wire L18, through D. M. L. and back to G2 by wire 16.

For east-bound trains, the operation is as follows: The relay M2 (which is for the eastbound hoine signal) is energized, whereupon the contacts 1 1 of M2 are closed and current flows from battery G2 through 1 1 of M2, wire i-f), to one side of circuit breakers 50 and 51, of which one must be open and the other closed. If 51 is closed, current flows through it and through wires 52 and 415 to magnet ML and returns to G2 via wire 46, and, as before stated, ML will operate the home signal for east-bound trains. If, however, the selector circuits were previously left set for west-bound trains, switch 51 would have been open and the switch 50 closed, whereupon the current would have passed through switch 50, wire 53 to E. S. L. and back via -16 to G2. Upon E. S. L. becoming energized, which is the selector for the eastbound trains, the switch 50 would be opened and the switch 51 thereby closed, and the current would flowdirect to M. L. as before. The home signal for east-bound trains having been cleared by the energizing of M. L., the circuit breaker b2 is thereby closed, whereupon M1 becomes energized, and the'eontacts 1 1 of the saine are closed, which establishes a circuit from G2 to the magnet D. M. L. for the distant signal shifting' appliances as follows: battery G2, wire 153, 1 1 of M1, wire 53, magnet D. M. L. and return to G2 by wire 46.

r1`he selector magnets 1V. S. L. and lll. e. L. have a common armature 571 see F ig. 13), and from the preceding description, it will be seen that the current that operates either the E. S. L. or 1V. S. L. magnet, is cut off as soon as the selector operates, and 1 therefore provide. an electric locking circuit to hold the armature in the position in which it :is last placed. This is shown in Figs. 6 and Each relay M3 and M2 i provided with back points 2 2 which are open when the magnets are energized, and closed when the magnets are denergized, or, in other words, are open when the points 1 1 are closed and vice versa. If the selector is in the west position, switch 5l is closed, because, as previously stated, this switch is closed when switches A13 and 50 are closed, and current will flow from battery G2 56, back points 2 2 of M2 i (which are closed while M2 1s deiinergized),

wire 561 to wire through 5d, wire 47 through WV. S. L. and wire 46 back to G3 and the armature 571 will thus be locked or retained by magnet WV. S. L. until M2 is energized by an east-bound train. vWhen M2 is energized, the circuit will be broken at 2 2 of M2, and the 4selector having closed the switch 55 which is closed at the same time that the switches 51 and est are closed as previously described) current will flow from battery G2 through 55, wire 57, back points 2 2 of relay N3 (M3 being denergized, the contacts 2 2 thereof will be closed), then by wire 157, wire 53 through E. S. L. and back to G3 by wire 16.

From the foregoing, it is thought that the operation of the selecting mechanism for the shifting appliances will be understood, since the operation is the same at each signal station.

In order to prevent any opposing circuits from being formed to operate or clear any opposing signals after a train has gained control of the track, I provide two unset relays 11 and 12 (see Figs. 2, 3 and 7) which are normally denergized and in the position indicated in Fig. 7, the relay 11 being energized when a circuit is completed through it from the battery C2 and relay 12 from the battery C1, the circuit through C1 being closed by a west-bound train closing the contact c ac in relay 2, and the circuit through C2 by an east-bound train closing the contacts :c a in relay 9. vl/'hen these relayshave once been set, for instance, by a west-bound train, all opposing east-bound circuits are broken and kept broken until the west-bound train or trains have passed olf of the section of the track between A and B, and have passed by station B. In order to showhow the various circuits and signals are operated, I will describe the changes that take place when a west-bound train-enters the section at A. on subsection a., and disregard for the time being, the side track circuits which will be explained later, and assume that all track switches are set on the main line.

1n each reversely operable relay 2, 3, il, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, as previously stated, the contacts 1 1, 2 2, etc., in each are normally closed because energized by the track batteries B1, and the circuits between the contacts O B in each case are normally broken or open. A train entering sub-section a denergizes one magnet of relay 2, and upon reaching sub-section o, the other magnet of the relay 2 is denergized and a circuit is established between the points O and B at ca .c, because it has been denergized in the proper sequence. This establishes a circuit through the unset relays 11 and 12 from the battery C1 as follows: (See Figs. l, 2, 3 and 7.) From C1 through points 1 7, of relay 11, to f1 of relay 12, through contact 257, and

out at 3, thereby energizing magnet A12, thence by 101 to 1 1 of circuit breaker H, (1 1 of H being closed since the track switch is set for the main track) out of 1-1 at 1 1, through wire 101 to O, relay 2, out at B, Wire 102 through 1 1 of relay 3, wire 102 through 1 1 of relay 4:, wire 102 through points 1 1 of relay 5, wire 102, back to the opposite side of battery C1. rl`he energizing of magnet A12 of relay 12 attracts its armature on the bell crank 250, rocks 250, thus releasing its hooked end 258 from the end of bell crank 252, and compressing spring 251. Spring 253 then expands androcks 252, until the end of the latter is opposite the face of 258, whereby the bell crank 25S is locked in the position it was placed by the magnet A12. This action closes contacts at 251 and 255, and opens contacts 256 and 257, as will be apparent. The breaking of contact 256 breaks a circuit for an east-bound train that might be established from relay 9 through the points G B and zr thereof to battery C2 through points 1 7 of relay 12. r1`he relay 12 will now stayin this condition until magnet B12 is energized, but as will be clear later, B11 cannot be energized until the train has passed the sub-sections c' and y' and after V`thc west-bound train has passed sub-station j, any circuits for an east-bound train will be prevented at S1 from being completed, because there will always thereafter be a break at one ofthe odd-numbered reversing relays through points G B, Which, as was described previously, will be denergized by a west-bound train in the wrong sequence, thus preventing any circuit through any O B points. lvVhen, however, B12 is energized, it will attract its armature or bell crank 252, thus releasing 250, breaking conftacts at 255 and 251, and restablishing con-V tacts, at 257 and 256. yRelay 12 having now been set, a circuit is established to westbound home signal controlling relay M3 from battery G1 through 1 7 of relay 11, in at 4 and out at 5 of relay 12, wire 103 through M3, wire 103 through 1 1 of H (1 1 being closed) wire 101, to 0 of relay 2, out at B, Wire 102, through points 1 1 of each of relays 3, 4 and 5 back to battery G1 as before. M3 having been energized, the selector mechanism and shifting appliances will operate in the manner previously described,

thereby clearing the west-bound home sig-r nal arm `at S1, which closes the switch b1, and a circuit is then established through M1 as follows: from battery C1 through 1 7 of relay 11 through 1 5 of relay 12, wire 105 (see Fig. 3) through 2 2 of reversely operable relay 6 (which is still energized), wire 105, through 4 1 of trackrelay 31, (which is still energized and all the points of the same therefore closed), vwire 105 back through M1, circuit breakery b1, wire 103, 1 1 of H, wire 101through O B of relay 2, wire 102 through thel points 1 1 of each of the relays 3, et, 5, back to C1 again. Both the home and distantsignals at S1 are now clear. .The train arriving next on sub-section Q short circuits the battery of that section and denergizes track relay 1a, which opens ,all the contacts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4 4: thereof. The opening of points 1 1 in relay 1aM opens the circuit of the track battery that is connected to the rails of subsection (Z, and which energizes one of the magnets in relay 3. As the magnet in relay 3, normally energized by this track battery, is denergized, it breaks the connection between the points 1 1 of relay 3 (see Fig. 9) through which the clearing circuits for the station S1 all pass, thus breaking the clearing circuits for M3 and M1, and setting the signals at S1 at danger and caution. rPhe relay 2 becomes energized again after the train has left sub-section I), thereby establishing connections between the points 1 1, 2 2, etc., and breakingr the connection at in a between O B. Relay 3 is denergized in one magnet, as stated, when the train enters sub-section c, and will be held denergized as the train passes over sub-sections Z and c, because the track batteries of these sub-sections will be shortcircuited in turn, thus breaking all the connections between the points 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 1 1 of relay 3, and at the same time preventing a connection between G B of said relay, because the magnets thereof are denergized in the wrong sequence.

On arriving at sub-section f, the battery of this sub-section is short circuited, and one of the magnets in relay 1 is denergized, and on arriving at sub-section g, the other magnet is denergized, and since relay 1 (even-numbered) is for west-bound trains, breaks will be made between all the'points 1 1, 2 2, 3 3, 1 11 and 5 5 of relay 1, and a circuit made between G B at a'2 a (see Fig. 10) and a clearing circuit for signal station S2 will be established as follows: For the home signal of S2, current passes from battery D1 (Fig. by wire 106 through B and O of relay L1-, wire 107 through M7, wire 107 through 3 3 of relay 5, thence by wire 107 through 4 1 of relay G, wire 107 through 3 3 of relay 7 and back to the opposite side of battery D1, and it will be remembered that each of the reversing relays 5, G and 7 is still energized, and that therefore the contacts betweenV the points 1 1, 2 2, etc., are connected, while the circuits between the contacts O B are open. When M7 is energized, the selector mechanism is operated and the westbound home signal cleared at signal station S2, whereupon the circuit breaker b1 at S2 is closed, and a clearing circuit for the westbound distant signal estab-y lished as follows: from battery D1 through wire '106, through B O of relay 1,wire 107,

iet

through circuit breaker lx1 at S2, through M8, wire 103, through 4 1 of relay 4a (which is still energized and the contacts 1 1,:2f-2, 3 3 and 4- 1 thereof closed),wire 10S through 2 2 of relay S, wire 103 through ill of relay 7, and wire 107 back to D1. The reversely operable relay l does not become recnergized until the train leaves the 'sub-section g, and when the train arrives on sul section 7a.., the track relay 2a is denergized, thereby opening the contacts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4 fl el the saine, and upon the opening ot the contact 1 1, the circuit et the track battery that is connected to sub-section c' is broken, thereby denergizing one of the magnets of relay 5, and inasmuch as the clearing circuits for the signal station S2 all pass through the points 3 3 of relay 5,

these clearing circuits are broken and the west-bound signals at S2 returned to danger. Thctrain in traversing sub-sections i and j el the track, short circuits the track batteries and thus keeps relay 5 denergized, similarly as was relay 3, c., in the wrong sequence. On arriving at sub-section Z4, the battery of this sub-section is short eircuited, denergizing one magnet of relay 6, the other magnet of which is denergized when the train reaches sub-section Z, when all connections are broken between the points 1 1, 2 2, etc., and O B are connected at :M m1. A clearing circuit for home signal at S3 new established as follows: From battery El (Fig. 1) current flows through 2 2 of circuit breaker H2 (the points 1 1 to 5 5 o'lE which are closed since the track switch is on the main line), from point 2 of H2 by wire 110 through B O of relay wire 11,1 through M11, wire 111 through 2 2 of relay 7 (which is energized), wire 111, through 3 3 of relay 3, wire 111 through 2 2 of relay 9, back to battery El. M11 being energized, operates the selecting mechanism and the shifting appliances so as to set the home signal arm for west-bound trains at S3 at clear, whereupon the circuit breaker at 1 at this signal station is closed, and a circuit for M12 made as follows: Current flows from battery E1 through 2 2 et circuit breaker H?, wire 110 through B i (l of relay G,w'ire 111 through b1 of signal y station S3 through M12, wire 112 through 3 3' of track relay 5a (which is energized and all points1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4 1 thereof closed), wire 113 through 3 3 of H through 4- 1 of relay 10, wire 113 through 3 3 of relay 9, back to battery E1. The reversely 4operable relay 6 remains deenergized until the train passes ed of subsection Z, and the train on arriving on subsection mi, tra ck relay 3u is dcenergized, thereby breaking the connections between the points 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and tl thereof, and the opening of points 1 1 breaks the circuit of the track battery that is connected to the sub-section a, whereby one of the magnets of relay 7 is denergized. The relay 7 is held denergized as the train passes over sub-section n and o, thereby breaking the connection between points-1 1, 2 2, etc., of relay 7, and breaking the clearing circuits for the signal station S3, which all pass through relay 7, whereupon the signal arms of S3 for west-bound trains are set at danger.

On arriving at sub-sections p and Q, the magnets of relay 3 are delineigized in proper sequence in a manner similar to the delinergization of relays 2, 1 and G, as previously described, and connection made between O B of relay 3 through contacts a1, whereupon a clearing circuit is established for the home signal at S41 as follows: Current flows from battery F1 (see Fig. 5) by wire 1111-, through B U of relay 8, wire 115 through M15, wire 115 through 5 5 of circuit breaker H' (5 5 of H2 being closed, since the track switch is on the inain line), from 5 of H2 by wire 115, through 5 5 or' relay 9, wire 115 through circuit breaker 28 at signal station S5 (said circuit breaker 23 being closed when east-bound signals at S5 are at danger), from circuit breaker 28 by wire 116 through 1 /l of circuit breaker H3,

through 6 6 of relay 10 to F1. M15 being energized, the selector mechanism and 'shifting appliances at S1 are operated and the west-bound home signals cleared, thereby closing the circuit breaker 1 at S1 and establishing a clearing circuit for M16 as follows: Current liows from battery F1 through wire 1111, through B O of relay 3, wire 115, through circuitbreaker o1 at signal station S4, through M16, wire 117 to track relay in the next section beyond the last shown in the drawings, and corresponding to relay 2a, back through contacts on relays (not shown), corresponding to relays 3 and 4l, wire 11S which attaches to wire 115, wire 115 through circuit breaker 23, wire 11G through --l of H3 through (3 6 of relay 10, back to F1. The circuit through B O of relay 8 is held closed until the train leaves sub-sections Q and upon the train reaching sub-'section r, track relay fl is deenergized, thereby opening the contacts 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 1 -f1 thereof, which breaks the circuit that passes through 1 1 oi' relay la et the track battery that energizes one of the magnets of reversing relay 9. Hence relay 9 will have one of its magnets denergized, and the circuit broken between the points 1 1, etc., thereof, which will break the clearing circuits for signal station S4, and the signal arms at S4 for west-bound trains will be set to danger. Relay 9 will be held denergized as the train passes over sub-sections s and t, and snbsections u and o correspond to those at c and` l) at `the passing station A, and hence the signals for signal station S are operated similarly to those at signal station S1, and the relay corresponds to relay 2.

All the circuits for the signal arms havek dition as shown in the drawings, and an east-bound train, having passed onto the sub-sections t and s, will deenergize the magnets of relay 9 in the proper sequence to form a connection between the points O and B through contacts ac x (see Fig. 8), and' a circuit will then be established through the relays 11 and 12 as follows: Starting at battery C2 (Fig 3), current will flow through relay 12, through posts Fig. 7), from 7 to relay 12 to 4 of relay 11 and out at 3, thereby energizing magnet A of relay 11, from 3 by a wire through points 1 1 of circuit breaker H2, thence through B of relay 9, from B through 1 1 of relay 8, through 1 1 of relay 7, through 1 1 of relay 6, back to battery C2, it being understood that relays 8, 7 and 6 are energized at this time. Magnet A of relay 11 having been energized, the same movements of the armatures take place as in relay r12, which breaks the circuits in relay 11 between the posts 4 and 3, and 1 and 7, and establishes connections between points 4 and 5 and between points 2 and 6, and the relay 11 is thus locked into position until the magnet B of the same is subsequently energized. A circuit for clearing the eastbound home signal at S4 is now established as follows: From battery C2, through 1 7 of relay 12, through 4 5 of relay 11, from 5 through M14, from M14 through 1 1 of 1^ 2 through O B of relay 9, 1 1 of relay 8, 1 1 of relay 7, 1 1 of relay 6, back to C2, M14 being now energized, the selector mechanism for east-bound signals and the shifting appliances will be operated, andA the home signal, east-bound, at S4 cleared, thereby closing circuit breaker b2 at S4 and a circuit for clearing the distant east-bound signal through M13 will be made as follows: Current flows from battery C2 through 1 7 of relay 12, through 4 5 of relay 11, from 5 of relay 11, through 2 2 of relay 5, through 4 4 of track relay 2a, from 4 of relay 2a to wire 105, wire 105 back.

through M13, through circuit breaker Z22 of S4, through 1 1 of H2, through O B of relay 9, and then through 1 1 of each of relays S, 7 and 6 back to C2. Both eastbound signals at S4 will now be cleared, but as soon as the train reaches sub-section r, track relay 4a will be denergized, thereby opening the points 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and of relay 4a, which will break the circuit of 1 and 7 (see `the track battery connected to sub-section g,

which passes through the points 2 2 of relay 4a. Thereupon, one of the magnets of relay 8 is denergized, which breaks the i clearing circuits for the east-bound signals at S4, and these signals then go to danger.

Relay 8 will be held denergiz'ed as the train passes over sub-sections Q and p, thereby keeping the points 1 1, etc., of relay 8 open, and inasmuch as the magnets of relay 8 (an even-numbered relay) are denergized in the wrong sequence, no connection will be establishedV between the points O and B of the same. The east-bound train nextoperates the relay 7 to make clearing circuits for S3,r

and the steps continue as for a'west-bound train, only in the reverse order. f

Unscttz'ag of relay/S11 and 12.2 As the west-bound train passes from sub-section j,

the reversely operable relay 5 becomes energized again from the track battery, as have alsoy previously the relays 4, 3, y2 and the locking mechanism offrelay 12 is released by the following circuit which energizes the magnet B12 thereof: Current flows from battery C1 through 1 7 l of relay 11 into 2 and around B12 of relay 12 and out at 6, rthen by wire 104 through 1 1 of relay 2,`thencey from 1 ofk relay 2 to B ofrelay 2 (see Fig. 8) and from B of relay 2 by wire 102,

through points 1 1`of each ofrelays 3, 4`

and 5. The relay 12 is now unset, and a west-bound train may enter the track following the first west-bound train, but the first west-bound train having now reached sub-section le, one of the magnets of relay 6 will be denergized, thus breaking any circuit that ygoes through battery C2 for an east-bound train and points 1 1 of relay 6.

As the 'hrst west-bound train proceeds, con? tacts will be broken in the relays 7, 8 and 9, so that no complete circuit for an east-bound train can be established until every westbound train between the passing stations A and B have passed by B, because all eastbound circuits will be broken either by the first train through the relays 11 and 12, or when the first train has passed beyond relays 11 and 12, by the breaks in the circuits ofthe relays 6, 7, S and 9, and the first train having passed an east-bound train on thefside track at B, with another west-bound train follow-` ing, no clearing circuits for the east-bound train can be established, because of the rear yfor S1 all pass through the relaysv2, 3, 4

and 5, of which 3, 4'and 5 must be energized in order for the circuits to be made between any kof the points 1 1, 2 2, etc., of each,

yas

tions for trains when the side tracks are used.`

The circuit for clearing the signals at S1 for a train going west and coming off ot' the side track R2 R3 is as follows: The circuit for one of the magnets in relay 2,-that one energized by the track battery for sub-sec tion passes through the ioints 3 7 of side track relay 6a, points 3 of which are normally closed, c'. e., when the rail switch for the side track is set for the main line, because current flows from battery (see Fig. 1) through wire 119 to post 1 of relay 6, out at 5, wire 120 to rail R2 and directly back to battery G6. When the rail switch is set for the siding, the magnet of relay 6a is denergized,thus opening the points 2 6 and 3 7 of relay 6@L and closing the back points 4 -8 thereof. When therail switch is set for the siding, circuit breaker H is mechanically operated, as previously stated, thereby opening the points 1 1 to 5 5 inclusive, and closing the points 6 6, 7 7 and 8 8. This short circuits the magnet of relay 6a, which is energized by the side track battery G, because the battery i will be short circuited as follows: Cun rent from G will pass by wire 119 to post 1 of relay 6Ct from 1 through wire 121, through points 8 3 of circuit breaker H (which are now closed), wire 121 to rail R3 through the axle of the train to rail R2 and back to GG.

The circuit for clearing the signals at Sl, which, when a train was on the main line and the switch set for the main line, passed through the points 1 1 of circuit breaker H, is broken at these points, because the rail switch is set for the side track and the circuits ior clearing S1 are as follows, when relayl 2 is denergized and a circuit established between the points O B: The gap caused by the opening at 1 1 of H is bridged by a wire 122 attached to wire 101 on one side of H, and current lows through 122 through back points 3 -4 of relay 6'LL (now denergized), thence by wire 122 to wire 101 on the other side of 1 1 of H. In order to prevent the breaking of the clearing circuits for S1 after the end of the train has left the side track, and leaving the rail switch set for the side track before the train has reached S1, I provide a patch for this circuit as follows: Wire 123 attaches to wire 101 on one side of 1 1of H, and current passes through wire 123, through a circuit breaker 29 at S1, which is closed by the home signal arm for west-bound trains when at clear, back by wire 123 to wire 101 on the opposite side of 1 1 of H, thereby bridging the break at 1 1 of H while the rear of the train is on the siding, and bridging the` gap at 8%- oif relay (in, when the latter becomes energized.

I will now describe the circuits for clearing the signals at a signal station when the rail switch is set to pass the train onto the side track inorder to pass a waiting, oppositely bound train on the main line, and this will be done in connection with signal station S4 for a west-bound train.

W'hen the rail switch is set to pass a train onto the side tracks R4 and R5 (see Fig. 4) the points 1 1 to 5 5, inclusive, of circuit breaker H2 are thereby opened and the points 6 6, 7 7 and 8 8 closed, and it is necessary to bridge the gap caused by the opening of points 5 5 of circuit breaker H2 through which all the clearing circuits for S4 `for west-bound trains pass. This gap is bridged by a wire 124 attached to 115 on one side of 5 5 of H2, which connects with points 7 7 of H2 (now closed), wire 124, through points 2 6 of side track relay 7, wire 124 to back point 2 of relay 9, which is connected to lower post 5 of relay 9 (see Fig. 8) to which is attached wire 115. By again referring to Fig. it will be seen that when a train is in section T and the relay 9 denergized, the back contact 204 is closed and the contacts 3, 4, 5 and 6 are open, and that the contact 5 is still closed because the magnet on its relay has not been denergized.

Speed control/. t each signal station, speed control is obtained by the following means, which are identical in operation at each of the signal stations, and so it will only be necessary to describe the operation at one station. As previously described, there are provided at each signal station two automatic train stops or tracks instruments L and L1, so mechanically connected, that when one is set for stopping the train, the other is clear, and vice versa. Referring to Fig. l, it will be seen that one side ot' the track battery B1 for the sub-section of the track, which energizes one magnet of relay 2, is directly connected to the rail R of the sub-section b by wire 132, and the other side connected by a circuit passing through points 2 2 of relay 1 and wire 133 attached to rail R1 of sub-section Z1. In like manner, one side of the track battery B1 for the subsection Z that energizes one of the magnets of relay 3, is directly connected to rail R of subsection Z by wire 134, and the other side of the battery circuit passes through points 1 1 of relay l and by wire 135 to rail R1. As will be remembered, all the points 1 1, 2 2, 3 3 and 4 -4 of relay 1a are closed when no train is on subsection c, and as los ` home arm P is at danger, and L1 would be previously described and as shown in Fig. 14, the circuit breakers 40 and 41 are closed when the distant signals P1 and P3 stand at caution. Vire 136 attaches to the battery wire of theV track battery for sub-section b between the battery'and the points 2-2 of relay 1a, and leads to the circuit breaker 40, closed when distantk signal for east-bound train at S1 stands at caution and then from circuit breaker 40 by wire 137, wire 133 on the opposite side of the points 2-2 of relay 11, so that the break caused by the points 2,-2 of 1a when opened, is bridged when the distant east-bound signal is at caution. A ksimilar bridging circuit is provided by wires 138 and 139 and circuit breaker 41 when west-bound signal at S1 is at caution.

The track instruments are so arranged and operated that the one first approached by the train is at `danger when the home signal is at danger, and if the home signaly clears, the track instrument would clear, thus setting the distant track instrument at danger. As the train passes the signal station, the home signal will again go to danger, thereby resetting the track instrument so as to allow the train to now pass over the second track instrument safely.

In the drawings, for a west-bound train, L would be at danger when the west-bound at clear. As home arm P clears,L will clear and L1 will be set at danger, and it becomes necessary before the train reaches L1 for an arm P to go to danger'. As previously stated, if arm P1, which is for west-bound trains, clears, then circuit breaker 41 will beopened. With both the home and distant signals of S1 cleared, as soon as the train enters subsection c of the track, relay Z will be short circuited, thereby opening all points of relay l1 and breaking the circuit for the track battery that energizes one of the magnets of relay 3, and when relay 3 is deenergized, the clearing circuits for S1 are broken, whereupon the signal arms return to danger. The shifting appliances, therefore, have all the time while the train is traversing sub-section c in which to shift the signal arms and to thereby reverse the track instruments, so that L1 will be clear and L returned to danger.

1f, however, west-bound home signal P of S1 clears and the west-bound distant signal P1 does not clear, the circuit breaker 41 will remain closed and the train upon entering sub-section c will not cut out the track battery for sub-section cl, because of the circuit through closed switches 41 which bridges the open points 1-1 of relay Ze and therefore relay 3, being still energized, the clearing circuits for 'S1 will not be broken until the train reaches sub-section d. This will now allow the shifting appliances to operate, but the train has only a short distance to travel from the end of sub-section d before it encounters the track instrument L1, and as it takes an appreciable amount of time for the shifting appliances to operate, the train will be stopped by the tra-ck instrument L1 before the shifting appliances have had a chance to operate,

unless the train has reduced its speed sulficiently to allow the shifting appliances to reverse while the train is traveling from the lend of sub-section cl to a point opposite L1.

The subsections of the track c and all the other corresponding subsections, namely, h, m, 1 and w are relatively short, and, in actual practice, are made of less length than the lengthrof the shortest possible train which would run over the track, or, in other words, said subsections of track are made of a length not greater than the length of a locomotive and its tender, so that a westbound train in passing from the subsection I) of the track to the subsection c and from the other corresponding subsections at the other signal stations, willV always keep the track battery on said subsection of track Z) short circuited until the front wheels of the' instrument L1 and the end of sub-section d,

that it is possible to compel an engineer of a westbound train to slow up his train to any predetermined speed, or else stop him entirely, when the distant signal indicates caution. By varying the distance of the track instrument L from the endy of subsection b, the same results are obtained in the case of eastbound trains as above described for a westbound train.

It will be understood that various changes in the systems of wiring hereinbefore described may be made without departing from the scope of my invention. The length of track controlled by any one of the several signals may be increased or decreased with reference to each other or independently, and circuits can be combined to reduce wiring or the number' of contacts. Furthermore, relays may be introduced in different circuits to reduce the line of resistance. f

I claim:

1. The combination of a series of blocks, signals for each block having clear, caution and danger positions, train stops for each block and having-*operative and inoperative positions, means normally set into operation when a train is at a predetermined distance 

